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hrynco-kswitcher/src/platform.cpp
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#include "platform.h"
#include "../vendor/json.hpp"
#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <imm.h>
#include <map>
#include <mutex>
#include <set>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <tlhelp32.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>
namespace ks
{
namespace
{
const UINT scans[] = {0x29, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36,
37, 38, 39, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 43};
struct ClipboardLock
{
ClipboardLock(HWND w)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 30; ++i)
{
if (OpenClipboard(w))
return;
Sleep(10);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Clipboard is busy");
}
~ClipboardLock()
{
CloseClipboard();
}
};
bool globalFormat(UINT f)
{
return f != CF_BITMAP && f != CF_PALETTE && f != CF_METAFILEPICT && f != CF_ENHMETAFILE &&
!(f >= CF_PRIVATEFIRST && f <= CF_PRIVATELAST) && !(f >= CF_GDIOBJFIRST && f <= CF_GDIOBJLAST) &&
f != CF_OWNERDISPLAY;
}
std::optional<ULONGLONG> started(DWORD id)
{
HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, FALSE, id);
if (!h)
return {};
FILETIME c, e, k, u;
BOOL ok = GetProcessTimes(h, &c, &e, &k, &u);
CloseHandle(h);
return ok ? std::optional<ULONGLONG>((ULONGLONG(c.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | c.dwLowDateTime)
: std::nullopt;
}
} // namespace
std::vector<Layout> readLayouts()
{
int n = GetKeyboardLayoutList(0, nullptr);
std::vector<HKL> handles(n);
n = GetKeyboardLayoutList(n, handles.data());
std::vector<Layout> out;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
Layout l;
l.handle = handles[i];
wchar_t id[32];
swprintf_s(id, L"win:%08x", (unsigned)(uintptr_t)l.handle);
l.id = id;
wchar_t name[128]{};
GetLocaleInfoW(MAKELCID(LOWORD((uintptr_t)l.handle), SORT_DEFAULT), LOCALE_SNATIVELANGNAME, name,
128);
l.name = name;
if (l.name.empty())
l.name = l.id;
l.name += L" (" + l.id.substr(4) + L")";
l.convertible =
ImmGetIMEFileNameW(l.handle, nullptr, 0) == 0 && (((uintptr_t)l.handle >> 16) & 0xf000) != 0xe000;
for (bool shift : {false, true})
for (UINT scan : scans)
{
BYTE state[256]{};
if (shift)
state[VK_SHIFT] = 0x80;
wchar_t buf[8]{};
UINT vk = MapVirtualKeyExW(scan, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX, l.handle);
int count = ToUnicodeEx(vk, scan, state, buf, 8, 4, l.handle);
wchar_t c =
count == 1 && buf[0] >= 32 && !(buf[0] >= 0xd800 && buf[0] <= 0xdfff) ? buf[0] : 0;
(shift ? l.shifted : l.normal) += c;
}
out.push_back(std::move(l));
}
return out;
}
const Layout &physicalLayout()
{
static const Layout l{nullptr,
L"physical",
L"Physical US",
L"`1234567890-=qwertyuiop[]asdfghjkl;'zxcvbnm,./\\",
L"~!@#$%^&*()_+QWERTYUIOP{}ASDFGHJKL:\"ZXCVBNM<>?|",
true};
return l;
}
wchar_t physicalKey(DWORD scan, bool shift)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(scans); ++i)
if (scans[i] == scan)
return (shift ? physicalLayout().shifted : physicalLayout().normal)[i];
return 0;
}
static HWND inputWindow(HWND w)
{
if (!w || !IsWindow(w))
return nullptr;
GUITHREADINFO info{sizeof(info)};
DWORD thread = w == GetForegroundWindow() ? 0 : GetWindowThreadProcessId(w, nullptr);
if (GetGUIThreadInfo(thread, &info) && info.hwndFocus &&
(info.hwndFocus == w || IsChild(w, info.hwndFocus) || GetAncestor(info.hwndFocus, GA_ROOT) == w))
return info.hwndFocus;
return w;
}
HKL windowLayout(HWND w)
{
HWND input = inputWindow(w);
return input ? GetKeyboardLayout(GetWindowThreadProcessId(input, nullptr)) : nullptr;
}
bool switchWindowLayout(HWND target, HKL layout, const std::function<bool()> &valid)
{
HWND input = inputWindow(target);
auto unchanged = [&]
{ return input && valid() && GetForegroundWindow() == target && inputWindow(target) == input; };
if (!layout || !unchanged())
return false;
if (windowLayout(target) == layout)
return true;
// Windows directs layout requests to the focused control, which can belong
// to a different UI thread/process than a Teams/WebView top-level window.
if (!PostMessageW(input, WM_INPUTLANGCHANGEREQUEST, 0, (LPARAM)layout))
return false;
for (int i = 0; i < 30; ++i)
{
if (!unchanged())
return false;
if (windowLayout(target) == layout)
return true;
// Some hosts handle this at their top level instead of the focused child.
if (i == 14 && input != target)
PostMessageW(target, WM_INPUTLANGCHANGEREQUEST, 0, (LPARAM)layout);
Sleep(10);
}
return unchanged() && windowLayout(target) == layout;
}
void showRequestedWindow(HWND window)
{
ShowWindow(window, SW_SHOW);
// STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW can override the process's first ShowWindow with
// SW_HIDE. An explicit user request must still make the window visible.
if (!IsWindowVisible(window))
ShowWindow(window, SW_SHOW);
}
bool activateWindow(HWND window)
{
if (!IsWindow(window))
return false;
if (SetForegroundWindow(window))
return true;
DWORD foreground = GetWindowThreadProcessId(GetForegroundWindow(), nullptr);
DWORD current = GetCurrentThreadId();
bool attached = foreground && foreground != current && AttachThreadInput(current, foreground, TRUE);
BringWindowToTop(window);
SetForegroundWindow(window);
if (attached)
AttachThreadInput(current, foreground, FALSE);
return GetForegroundWindow() == window;
}
bool webViewDescendant(DWORD owner, DWORD host,
const std::function<std::optional<std::pair<DWORD, std::wstring>>(DWORD)> &read)
{
if (!owner || !host)
return false;
std::set<DWORD> seen;
while (owner != host)
{
if (!seen.insert(owner).second)
return false;
auto p = read(owner);
if (!p || lower(p->second) != L"msedgewebview2.exe" || !p->first)
return false;
owner = p->first;
}
return true;
}
bool ownsClipboard(HWND window)
{
HWND owner = GetClipboardOwner();
if (!owner || !window)
return false;
DWORD a{}, b{};
GetWindowThreadProcessId(owner, &a);
GetWindowThreadProcessId(window, &b);
if (!a || !b)
return false;
if (a == b)
return true;
HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
if (snapshot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
return false;
std::map<DWORD, std::pair<DWORD, std::wstring>> entries;
PROCESSENTRY32W e{};
e.dwSize = sizeof(e);
if (Process32FirstW(snapshot, &e))
do
{
entries[e.th32ProcessID] = {e.th32ParentProcessID, e.szExeFile};
} while (Process32NextW(snapshot, &e));
CloseHandle(snapshot);
return webViewDescendant(a, b,
[&](DWORD id) -> std::optional<std::pair<DWORD, std::wstring>>
{
auto it = entries.find(id);
if (it == entries.end())
return {};
auto child = started(id), parent = started(it->second.first);
if (!child || !parent || *parent > *child)
return {};
return it->second;
});
}
std::wstring processName(HWND window)
{
DWORD pid{};
GetWindowThreadProcessId(window, &pid);
HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
if (!h)
return {};
wchar_t path[32768];
DWORD n = 32768;
BOOL ok = QueryFullProcessImageNameW(h, 0, path, &n);
CloseHandle(h);
return ok ? std::filesystem::path(std::wstring(path, n)).stem().wstring() : L"";
}
Clip readClipboard(HWND window, size_t limit)
{
ClipboardLock lock(window);
Clip c;
size_t total = 0;
for (UINT f = EnumClipboardFormats(0); f; f = EnumClipboardFormats(f))
{
if (!globalFormat(f))
continue;
HANDLE handle = GetClipboardData(f);
if (!handle)
continue;
SIZE_T size = GlobalSize(handle);
if (!size)
continue;
if (size > limit - total)
throw std::runtime_error("Clipboard exceeds the configured size limit");
const auto *p = static_cast<const unsigned char *>(GlobalLock(handle));
if (!p)
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot read clipboard format");
Format format;
format.id = f;
format.data.assign(p, p + size);
GlobalUnlock(handle);
if (f >= 0xc000)
{
wchar_t name[256]{};
GetClipboardFormatNameW(f, name, 256);
format.name = name;
}
total += size;
c.formats.push_back(std::move(format));
}
return c;
}
DWORD writeClipboard(HWND window, const Clip &c)
{
// Allocate all blocks before replacing any existing data.
std::vector<std::pair<UINT, HGLOBAL>> blocks;
try
{
for (const auto &f : c.formats)
{
if (f.data.empty())
continue;
UINT id = f.name.empty() ? f.id : RegisterClipboardFormatW(f.name.c_str());
if (!id)
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot register clipboard format");
HGLOBAL h = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, f.data.size());
if (!h)
throw std::bad_alloc();
void *p = GlobalLock(h);
if (!p)
{
GlobalFree(h);
throw std::bad_alloc();
}
memcpy(p, f.data.data(), f.data.size());
GlobalUnlock(h);
blocks.emplace_back(id, h);
}
ClipboardLock lock(window);
if (!EmptyClipboard())
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot replace clipboard");
for (auto &[id, h] : blocks)
{
if (!SetClipboardData(id, h))
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot write clipboard format");
h = nullptr;
}
}
catch (...)
{
for (auto [id, h] : blocks)
if (h)
GlobalFree(h);
throw;
}
return GetClipboardSequenceNumber();
}
Clip textClip(const std::wstring &text)
{
Format f;
f.id = CF_UNICODETEXT;
f.data.resize((text.size() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
memcpy(f.data.data(), text.c_str(), f.data.size());
return Clip{{std::move(f)}};
}
std::wstring Clip::text() const
{
for (const auto &f : formats)
if (f.id == CF_UNICODETEXT && f.data.size() >= 2)
{
std::wstring text(f.data.size() / 2, L'\0');
memcpy(text.data(), f.data.data(), text.size() * 2);
auto pos = text.find(L'\0');
if (pos != text.npos)
text.resize(pos);
return text;
}
return {};
}
size_t Clip::size() const
{
size_t n = 0;
for (const auto &f : formats)
n += f.data.size();
return n;
}
ULONG_PTR inputMarker()
{
static const char marker{};
return reinterpret_cast<ULONG_PTR>(&marker);
}
bool ownKeyboardInput(const KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT &key)
{
return (key.flags & LLKHF_INJECTED) && key.dwExtraInfo == inputMarker();
}
INPUT keyboardInput(WORD key, DWORD flags)
{
INPUT input{};
input.type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
input.ki.wVk = key;
input.ki.dwFlags = flags;
input.ki.dwExtraInfo = inputMarker();
return input;
}
bool chord(WORD key, UINT mods)
{
std::vector<INPUT> inputs;
auto add = [&](WORD k, bool up)
{
INPUT i = keyboardInput(k, up ? KEYEVENTF_KEYUP : 0);
if (k == VK_LEFT || k == VK_RIGHT || k == VK_INSERT)
i.ki.dwFlags |= KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY;
inputs.push_back(i);
};
for (auto [m, k] : {std::pair<UINT, WORD>{MOD_CONTROL, VK_CONTROL},
{MOD_ALT, VK_MENU},
{MOD_SHIFT, VK_SHIFT},
{MOD_WIN, VK_LWIN}})
if (mods & m)
add(k, false);
add(key, false);
add(key, true);
for (auto [m, k] : {std::pair<UINT, WORD>{MOD_WIN, VK_LWIN},
{MOD_SHIFT, VK_SHIFT},
{MOD_ALT, VK_MENU},
{MOD_CONTROL, VK_CONTROL}})
if (mods & m)
add(k, true);
return SendInput((UINT)inputs.size(), inputs.data(), sizeof(INPUT)) == inputs.size();
}
bool needsSelectionDelay(HWND target)
{
const auto name = lower(processName(target));
return name == L"ms-teams" || name == L"msedgewebview2" ||
name == L"chrome" || name == L"msedge";
}
bool selectPrevious(size_t count, const std::function<bool()> &valid)
{
if (count > 100000)
return false;
// Chromium and Teams' WebView editors apply selection changes asynchronously. A burst of
// Shift+Left events can all use the same caret position and select only one
// character. Give each change time to settle before sending the next one.
const auto target = GetForegroundWindow();
diagnosticEvent(L"SelectPrevious requested=" + std::to_wstring(count) +
L" mode=" + (needsSelectionDelay(target) ? std::wstring(L"paced-25ms") : std::wstring(L"batch")));
if (needsSelectionDelay(target))
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
{
if (!valid() || GetForegroundWindow() != target || !chord(VK_LEFT, MOD_SHIFT))
return false;
if (i < 32 || i + 1 == count)
diagnosticEvent(L"SelectPrevious Shift+Left sent=" + std::to_wstring(i + 1));
Sleep(25);
}
return valid() && GetForegroundWindow() == target;
}
for (size_t offset = 0; offset < count; offset += 256)
{
if (!valid())
return false;
std::vector<INPUT> inputs;
auto add = [&](WORD key, DWORD flags)
{
INPUT i = keyboardInput(key, flags);
inputs.push_back(i);
};
add(VK_SHIFT, 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min<size_t>(256, count - offset); ++i)
{
add(VK_LEFT, KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY);
add(VK_LEFT, KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY | KEYEVENTF_KEYUP);
}
add(VK_SHIFT, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP);
auto sent = SendInput((UINT)inputs.size(), inputs.data(), sizeof(INPUT));
diagnosticEvent(L"SelectPrevious batch offset=" + std::to_wstring(offset) + L" eventsRequested=" +
std::to_wstring(inputs.size()) + L" eventsSent=" + std::to_wstring(sent));
if (sent != inputs.size())
return false;
}
return valid();
}
bool modifiersReleased()
{
for (int k : {VK_CONTROL, VK_MENU, VK_SHIFT, VK_LWIN, VK_RWIN})
if (GetAsyncKeyState(k) & 0x8000)
return false;
return true;
}
void releaseModifiers()
{
std::vector<INPUT> inputs;
for (int k : {VK_LCONTROL, VK_RCONTROL, VK_LMENU, VK_RMENU, VK_LSHIFT, VK_RSHIFT, VK_LWIN, VK_RWIN})
if (GetAsyncKeyState(k) & 0x8000)
{
INPUT i = keyboardInput((WORD)k, KEYEVENTF_KEYUP);
inputs.push_back(i);
}
if (!inputs.empty())
SendInput((UINT)inputs.size(), inputs.data(), sizeof(INPUT));
}
std::wstring executable()
{
wchar_t path[32768];
DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameW(nullptr, path, 32768);
if (!n || n == 32768)
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot locate executable");
return std::wstring(path, n);
}
std::filesystem::path dataDirectory()
{
auto folder = std::filesystem::path(executable()).parent_path() / L"data";
std::error_code ec;
std::filesystem::create_directories(folder, ec);
HANDLE probe = CreateFileW((folder / L".probe").c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr, CREATE_ALWAYS,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY | FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE, nullptr);
if (probe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
CloseHandle(probe);
return folder;
}
PWSTR base{};
if (FAILED(SHGetKnownFolderPath(FOLDERID_LocalAppData, 0, nullptr, &base)))
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot locate user data folder");
folder = std::filesystem::path(base) / L"KSwitcher";
CoTaskMemFree(base);
std::filesystem::create_directories(folder);
return folder;
}
void atomicWrite(const std::filesystem::path &path, const Bytes &bytes)
{
auto tmp = path;
tmp += L".tmp";
HANDLE h =
CreateFileW(tmp.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, nullptr);
if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot open output file");
DWORD written{};
BOOL ok = WriteFile(h, bytes.data(), (DWORD)bytes.size(), &written, nullptr);
BOOL flushed = FlushFileBuffers(h);
CloseHandle(h);
if (!ok || written != bytes.size() || !flushed ||
!MoveFileExW(tmp.c_str(), path.c_str(), MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING | MOVEFILE_WRITE_THROUGH))
{
DeleteFileW(tmp.c_str());
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot save file atomically");
}
}
Bytes readFile(const std::filesystem::path &path, size_t limit)
{
auto n = std::filesystem::file_size(path);
if (n > limit)
throw std::runtime_error("File exceeds size limit");
Bytes b((size_t)n);
std::ifstream f(path, std::ios::binary);
if (!f.read((char *)b.data(), (std::streamsize)b.size()))
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot read file");
return b;
}
Bytes protect(const Bytes &bytes)
{
DATA_BLOB in{(DWORD)bytes.size(), const_cast<BYTE *>(bytes.data())}, out{};
if (!CryptProtectData(&in, L"KSwitcher clipboard", nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, CRYPTPROTECT_UI_FORBIDDEN,
&out))
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot encrypt history");
Bytes result(out.pbData, out.pbData + out.cbData);
LocalFree(out.pbData);
return result;
}
Bytes unprotect(const Bytes &bytes)
{
DATA_BLOB in{(DWORD)bytes.size(), const_cast<BYTE *>(bytes.data())}, out{};
if (!CryptUnprotectData(&in, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, CRYPTPROTECT_UI_FORBIDDEN, &out))
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot decrypt history for this Windows account");
Bytes result(out.pbData, out.pbData + out.cbData);
LocalFree(out.pbData);
return result;
}
std::wstring lastError(const std::wstring &context)
{
return context + L" (Windows error " + std::to_wstring(GetLastError()) + L")";
}
std::wstring diagnosticText(const std::wstring &text)
{
// Escape UTF-16 code units so invisible characters and malformed surrogate pairs
// can be reproduced without introducing fake log lines. Bound large selections.
std::wstring out = L"\"";
constexpr wchar_t hex[] = L"0123456789abcdef";
const auto count = std::min<size_t>(text.size(), 512);
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
{
auto c = static_cast<unsigned short>(text[i]);
if (c == L'"' || c == L'\\')
{
out += L'\\';
out += c;
}
else if (c < 32 || c >= 127)
{
out += L"\\u";
for (int shift = 12; shift >= 0; shift -= 4)
out += hex[(c >> shift) & 15];
}
else
out += c;
}
return out + L"\" units=" + std::to_wstring(text.size()) +
L" truncated=" + std::to_wstring(count != text.size());
}
namespace
{
std::recursive_mutex logGate;
bool loggingEnabled = false;
DiagnosticBuffer diagnosticBuffer;
}
std::wstring DiagnosticBuffer::record(const std::wstring &message, bool problem, ULONGLONG now)
{
while (!entries.empty() && (entries.size() >= 128 || now - entries.front().first > 30000))
entries.pop_front();
entries.emplace_back(now, message);
if (!problem)
return {};
std::wstring out = L"Diagnostic incident (preceding context, up to 30 seconds):";
for (const auto &[at, entry] : entries)
out += L"\n ageMs=" + std::to_wstring(now - at) + L" " + entry;
entries.clear();
return out;
}
void setLoggingEnabled(bool enabled)
{
std::lock_guard lock(logGate);
loggingEnabled = enabled;
if (!enabled)
diagnosticBuffer.clear();
}
std::wstring readDiagnosticLog(bool previous)
{
std::lock_guard lock(logGate);
auto path = dataDirectory() / (previous ? L"kswitcher.log.1" : L"kswitcher.log");
if (!std::filesystem::exists(path))
return previous ? L"No previous log is available yet." : L"No log yet. Entries will appear when a problem is detected.";
auto bytes = readFile(path, 2 * 1024 * 1024);
auto text = wide(std::string(bytes.begin(), bytes.end()));
std::wstring display;
for (size_t i = 0; i < text.size(); ++i)
{
if (text[i] == L'\n' && (i == 0 || text[i - 1] != L'\r'))
display += L'\r';
display += text[i];
}
return display.empty() ? L"The log is empty." : display;
}
void clearDiagnosticLog(bool previous)
{
// Serialize clearing with writes and rotation. Never delete the other log.
std::lock_guard lock(logGate);
auto path = dataDirectory() / (previous ? L"kswitcher.log.1" : L"kswitcher.log");
std::filesystem::remove(path);
if (!previous)
diagnosticBuffer.clear();
}
void diagnosticEvent(const std::wstring &message, bool problem)
{
std::lock_guard lock(logGate);
if (!loggingEnabled)
return;
auto incident = diagnosticBuffer.record(message, problem, GetTickCount64());
if (!incident.empty())
log(incident);
}
void diagnosticOperation(const std::string &json)
{
std::lock_guard lock(logGate);
if (!loggingEnabled) return;
auto record = nlohmann::json::parse(json);
if (!record.value("problem", true))
{
// Keep successful operations only in the bounded, short-lived context.
// They are persisted with a subsequent failure, never as standalone rows.
diagnosticBuffer.record(L"Completed operation " + wide(record.dump(-1, ' ', true,
nlohmann::json::error_handler_t::replace)), false, GetTickCount64());
return;
}
record["context"] = utf8(diagnosticBuffer.record(L"Operation complete", true, GetTickCount64()));
log(L"Operation " + wide(record.dump(-1, ' ', true, nlohmann::json::error_handler_t::replace)));
}
void log(const std::wstring &message)
{
std::lock_guard lock(logGate);
if (!loggingEnabled)
return;
try
{
auto path = dataDirectory() / L"kswitcher.log";
std::error_code ec;
auto size = std::filesystem::file_size(path, ec);
if (!ec && size > 256 * 1024)
{
auto previous = path;
previous += L".1";
std::filesystem::remove(previous, ec);
ec.clear();
std::filesystem::rename(path, previous, ec);
}
std::ofstream f(path, std::ios::app);
SYSTEMTIME t;
GetLocalTime(&t);
f << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(4) << t.wYear << '-' << std::setw(2) << t.wMonth << '-'
<< std::setw(2) << t.wDay << ' ' << std::setw(2) << t.wHour << ':' << std::setw(2) << t.wMinute << ':'
<< std::setw(2) << t.wSecond << ' ' << utf8(message) << '\n';
}
catch (...)
{
}
}
} // namespace ks
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